{"id":1364,"date":"2020-04-14T13:13:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-14T11:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nudch.eu\/covid-19-a-chronicke-respiracne-ochorenia-u-deti"},"modified":"2022-11-12T10:38:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-12T09:38:34","slug":"covid-19-a-chronicke-respiracne-ochorenia-u-deti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nudch.eu\/en\/covid-19-a-chronicke-respiracne-ochorenia-u-deti","title":{"rendered":"COVID -19 a chronick\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenia u det\u00ed."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"images\/logo\/logo_piktogram-45.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f sa infekcia COVID-19 \u00a0u\u00a0det\u00ed v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0dospel\u00fdmi pacientmi vyskytuje v\u00a0ove\u013ea men\u0161ej miere a\u00a0priebeh ochorenia je vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov \u013eahk\u00fd,\u00a0 napriek tomu u\u00a0na\u0161ich chronick\u00fdch pacientov a\u00a0ich rodi\u010dov s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia vzbudzuje obavy. Preto sme si pripravili nieko\u013eko inform\u00e1cii t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa vz\u0165ahu infekcie COVID-19 a\u00a0chronick\u00fdch respira\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>COVID\u201319 u\u00a0det\u00ed <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Infekcia COVID-19 je infek\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenie d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 koronav\u00edrusom SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrom Coronavirus 2). Prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t bol identifikovan\u00fd u pacientov so z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm respira\u010dn\u00fdm ochoren\u00edm v decembri roku 2019 v \u010d\u00ednskom meste Wu-chan. Predpokladan\u00fd zdroj infekcie poch\u00e1dzal z\u00a0miestneho trhu s\u00a0morsk\u00fdmi plodmi a\u00a0zvieratami a pod\u013ea najnov\u0161\u00edch genetick\u00fdch anal\u00fdz je pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmi genetick\u00fdmi pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi v\u00edrusu s\u00fa koronav\u00edrusy postihuj\u00face netopiere.<\/p>\n<p>Prenos ochorenia sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje kvap\u00f4\u010dkami sekr\u00e9tu pri ka\u0161li, k\u00fdchan\u00ed a rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed a k prenosu infekcie doch\u00e1dza aj kontaminovan\u00fdmi predmetmi, priamym kontaktom pri pod\u00e1van\u00ed r\u00fak, \u010di nepriamym kontaktom s\u00a0respira\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdlu\u010dkami nakazen\u00fdch os\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa na ich ruk\u00e1ch alebo na povrchoch kontaminovan\u00fdch predmetov, ktor\u00fdch sa dot\u00fdkaj\u00fa. Prip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a sa v\u0161ak aj mo\u017enos\u0165 prenosu\u00a0 n\u00e1kazy kontaminovan\u00fdm jedlom a zistilo sa aj vylu\u010dovanie v\u00edrusu mo\u010dom a\u00a0stolicou.<\/p>\n<p>Inkuba\u010dn\u00e1 doba je 2 a\u017e 14 dn\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017ee v\u0161ak trva\u0165 aj dlh\u0161ie, najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia pravdepodobnos\u0165 v\u00fdskytu pr\u00edznakov je medzi 5 a\u017e 11 d\u0148om.<\/p>\n<p>Ochorenie sa\u00a0 prejavuje najm\u00e4 hor\u00fa\u010dkou, ka\u0161\u013eom, slabos\u0165ou, \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami s d\u00fdchan\u00edm, \u00fanavou, boles\u0165ami k\u013abov a\u00a0svalov. U ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva pacientov ochorenie prebieha \u013eahko, bez z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edch prejavov. Pacienti, u ktor\u00fdch m\u00e1 ochorenie \u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00ed priebeh, so z\u00e1palom p\u013e\u00fac, si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa hospitaliz\u00e1ciu a u niektor\u00fdch sa rozvinie syndr\u00f3m ak\u00fatnej dychovej tiesne\u00a0\u2013\u00a0ARDS so zlyh\u00e1van\u00edm d\u00fdchania a nakoniec aj vit\u00e1lnych funkci\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010co sa t\u00fdka detsk\u00fdch pacientov, ochorenie m\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou \u013eahk\u00fd priebeh. U\u00a0det\u00ed boli pozorovan\u00e9 hlavne prejavy n\u00e1dchy, ka\u0161\u013ea, zvracania, alebo hna\u010dky. Hor\u00fa\u010dka u\u00a0detsk\u00fdch pacientov nebola v\u017edy pr\u00edtomn\u00e1. Ve\u013ea det\u00ed s\u00a0pozit\u00edvnym sterom na COVID-19 nemalo v\u00f4bec \u017eiadne pr\u00edznaky. Pod\u013ea dostupn\u00fdch \u00fadajov z\u00a0\u010c\u00edny, ale aj Talianska je \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd priebeh infekcie COVID-19 u\u00a0det\u00ed ve\u013emi zriedkav\u00fd. Na druhej strane deti, pr\u00e1ve pre \u010dasto bezpr\u00edznakov\u00fd priebeh ochorenia, m\u00f4\u017eu zohr\u00e1va\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v\u00a0\u0161\u00edren\u00ed ochorenia v\u00a0popul\u00e1cii.<\/p>\n<p><strong>COVID-19 a\u00a0cystick\u00e1 fibr\u00f3za <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0doteraz dostupn\u00fdch zdrojov sa dozved\u00e1me o\u00a0pomerne n\u00edzkom po\u010dte pacientov s\u00a0cystickou fibr\u00f3zou, ktor\u00ed boli nakazen\u00ed COVID-19. Vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa jednalo len o mierny priebeh ochorenia.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1me v\u00a0r\u00e1mci prevencie COVID-19 je u\u017e s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota det\u00ed s\u00a0cystickou fibr\u00f3zou a\u00a0ich rod\u00edn. V\u00a0tejto dobe pand\u00e9mie je v\u0161ak tlak na ich dodr\u017eiavanie ove\u013ea naliehavej\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0literat\u00fara a\u00a0dostupn\u00e9 pr\u00edpady poukazuj\u00fa na fakt, \u017ee izol\u00e1cia je tou najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou prevenciou. Nosenie masky je u\u00a0pacientov s\u00a0cystickou fibr\u00f3zou nevyhnutn\u00e9, nako\u013eko z\u00e1va\u017enos\u0165 infekcie COVID-19 z\u00e1vis\u00ed aj od mno\u017estva v\u00edrusov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc, ktor\u00e9\u00a0 pacient vd\u00fdchne. <strong>Nevyhnutn\u00e9<\/strong><strong> je taktie\u017e na\u010falej dodr\u017eiava\u0165 chronick\u00fa lie\u010dbu pacienta spolu s pravideln\u00fdmi inhal\u00e1ciami a\u00a0nepo\u013eavova\u0165 v\u00a0nej, ako aj pokra\u010dova\u0165 v\u00a0doteraj\u0161ej pravidelnej a\u00a0najm\u00e4 spr\u00e1vne prevedenej dychovej rehabilit\u00e1cii<\/strong>. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je tie\u017e realizovanie pravideln\u00fdch nosov\u00fdch v\u00fdplachov a\u00a0ide\u00e1lne je si v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed preplachova\u0165 nos 2x denne.<\/p>\n<p>Vzh\u013eadom k\u00a0chronick\u00fdm \u0165a\u017ekostiam pacientov s\u00a0cystickou fibr\u00f3zu si pacienti a\u00a0rodi\u010dia m\u00f4\u017eu kl\u00e1s\u0165 ot\u00e1zku ako v\u00f4bec spozna\u0165 prebiehaj\u00facu infekciu COVID-19. Pacienti s\u00a0cystickou fibr\u00f3zou maj\u00fa \u010dast\u00fd, produkt\u00edvny, v\u00fdrazne hlienovit\u00fd ka\u0161e\u013e s\u00a0vyka\u0161liavan\u00edm sp\u00fata. Na z\u00e1klade doteraj\u0161\u00edch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed a\u00a0pozorovan\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov sa za z\u00e1sadn\u00fd pova\u017euje charakter ka\u0161\u013ea, ktor\u00fd sa pri infekcii COVID-19 men\u00ed na such\u00fd. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edznakom je hor\u00fa\u010dka, ktor\u00e1 nie je typick\u00fdm sprievodn\u00fdm javom be\u017en\u00fdch infekci\u00ed u\u00a0pacientov s\u00a0cystickou fibr\u00f3zou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>COVID-19 a\u00a0alergick\u00ed pacienti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klade dostupn\u00fdch \u00fadajov alergick\u00fd a\u00a0astmatick\u00fd pacienti nie s\u00fa ohrozen\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikom infekcie COVID-19 v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0be\u017enou popul\u00e1ciou. Taktie\u017e lie\u010dba alergick\u00fdch a\u00a0astmatick\u00fdch pacientov (ako s\u00fa lok\u00e1lne nosov\u00e9, ako aj inhala\u010dn\u00e9 kortikoidy, antihistaminik\u00e1, sublingu\u00e1lna alerg\u00e9nov\u00e1 imunoterapia) nepredstavuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 \u00a0riziko v\u00a0s\u00favislosti s\u00a0komplikovan\u00fdm priebehom ochorenia COVID-19. Naopak, neod\u00f4vodnen\u00e9 vysadenie liekov m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k\u00a0zhor\u0161eniu klinick\u00e9ho stavu pacienta, \u010do prestavuje n\u00e1sledne riziko respira\u010dn\u00fdch infekci\u00ed. Vzh\u013eadom k\u00a0objavuj\u00facim sa obav\u00e1m z\u00a0inhala\u010dnej lie\u010dby kortikoidmi, je potrebn\u00e9 zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee vysadenie inhala\u010dn\u00fdch kortikoidov m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k\u00a0zhor\u0161eniu astmy a\u00a0n\u00e1sledne k\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku komplik\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u00a0pr\u00edpade infekcie COVID-19- <strong>Preto je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby pacienti pokra\u010dovali v\u00a0pravidelnom u\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed liekov. <\/strong>Nem\u00e1 zmysel lieky vysadzova\u0165, ale ani zvy\u0161ova\u0165 d\u00e1vky u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch liekov. Zv\u00fd\u0161enie d\u00e1vky nem\u00e1 ochrann\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok pred infekciou COVID-19.\u00a0 <\/p>\n<p><strong>COVID-19 a\u00a0\u010fal\u0161ie chronick\u00e9 p\u013e\u00facne chorenia (prim\u00e1rne cili\u00e1rne dyskin\u00e9zy, bronchiekt\u00e1zie, deti s\u00a0vroden\u00fdmi v\u00fdvojov\u00fdmi chybami, deti s\u00a0neuromuskul\u00e1rnymi ochoreniami).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ani u pacientov s\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edmi chronick\u00fdmi respira\u010dn\u00fdmi ochoreniami sa na z\u00e1klade moment\u00e1lne dostupn\u00fdch \u00fadajov nepredpoklad\u00e1 \u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko infekcie COVID-19. Napriek <strong>tomu je v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnej situ\u00e1cii nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby tak\u00fdto pacienti u\u017e\u00edvali svoju pravideln\u00fa lie\u010dbu,<\/strong> tak aby stav chronick\u00e9ho ochorenia bol \u010do najviac pod kontrolou a\u00a0redukovalo sa riziko respira\u010dn\u00fdch infekci\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je samozrejme nevyhnutn\u00e9 dodr\u017eiava\u0165 v\u0161etky odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 be\u017en\u00e9 , tak ako je odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e1 a\u00a0uveden\u00e9 aj ni\u017e\u0161ie. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed je potrebn\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dodr\u017eiava\u0165 pr\u00edsne hygienick\u00e9 opatrenia- soci\u00e1lna izol\u00e1cia, nosenie r\u00fa\u0161ok, um\u00fdvanie r\u00fak, nedot\u00fdka\u0165 sa o\u010d\u00ed, \u00fast a\u00a0nosa neumyt\u00fdmi rukami<\/li>\n<li>U\u00a0chronicky chor\u00fdch pacientov je potrebn\u00e9 si zabezpe\u010di\u0165 dostatok liekov na pr\u00edpadn\u00fa izol\u00e1ciu (nezabudn\u00fa\u0165 na pohotovostn\u00e9 lieky), na druhej strane bez prehnanej z\u00e1soby liekov, ktor\u00e9 pacient be\u017ene neu\u017e\u00edva<\/li>\n<li>U\u00a0det\u00ed s\u00a0tracheostomickou kanylou zabezpe\u010di\u0165 dostatok pom\u00f4cok, ako aj v\u00fdmenu kanyly na najbli\u017e\u0161om ORL pracovisku<\/li>\n<li>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci starostlivosti o\u00a0deti s\u00a0respira\u010dn\u00fdmi ochoreniami neust\u00e1le zd\u00f4raz\u0148ujeme nevyhnutnos\u0165 elimin\u00e1ciu expoz\u00edcie cigaretov\u00e9mu dymu. Vzh\u013eadom k\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku a\u00a0\u0165a\u017e\u0161iemu priebehu infekcie COVID-19 u\u00a0dospel\u00fdch faj\u010diarov, ktor\u00fd maj\u00fa 14-kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko ochorie\u0165 na COVI-19, je potrebn\u00e9 e\u0161te raz zd\u00f4razni\u0165 pr\u00edsnu elimin\u00e1ciu faj\u010denia v\u00a0rodine die\u0165a\u0165a s\u00a0chronick\u00fdm respira\u010dn\u00fdm ochoren\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li>Je potrebn\u00e9 pokra\u010dova\u0165 v\u00a0o\u010dkovan\u00ed die\u0165a\u0165a pod\u013ea o\u010dkovacej sch\u00e9my. V\u00a0\u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade nie je d\u00f4vod pravideln\u00e9 o\u010dkovanie odklada\u0165, alebo pos\u00fava\u0165. Samozrejme neo\u010dkuje sa v\u00a0pr\u00edpade ak\u00fatnej infekcie a\u00a0v\u00a0obdob\u00ed v\u010dasnej rekonvalescencie.<\/li>\n<li>Ve\u013ea rodi\u010dov sa tie\u017e p\u00fdta na mo\u017enos\u0165 posilnenia imunity v\u00a0moment\u00e1lnej situ\u00e1cii, preto e\u0161te p\u00e1r z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd je napriek s\u00fa\u010dasnej situ\u00e1cii pohyb die\u0165a\u0165a na \u010derstvom vzduchu (samozrejme za dodr\u017eania hygienick\u00fdch opatren\u00ed). V\u00a0r\u00e1mci podpory imunity vitam\u00ednmi a\u00a0miner\u00e1lmi za d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 sa pova\u017euje pod\u00e1vanie D vitam\u00ednu, C vitam\u00ednu, zinku a\u00a0sel\u00e9nu. Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie doplnky v\u00fd\u017eivy s\u00a0dobr\u00fdm efektom na imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m patria probiotik\u00e1 a\u00a0pr\u00edpravky s\u00a0obsahom beta-gluk\u00e1nov. Samozrejmos\u0165ou by mala by\u0165 pestr\u00e1 strava s\u00a0dostatkom \u010derstv\u00e9ho ovocia a\u00a0zeleniny.<\/li>\n<li>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aj ke\u010f sa infekcia COVID-19 \u00a0u\u00a0det\u00ed v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0dospel\u00fdmi pacientmi vyskytuje v\u00a0ove\u013ea men\u0161ej miere a\u00a0priebeh ochorenia je vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov \u013eahk\u00fd,\u00a0 napriek tomu u\u00a0na\u0161ich chronick\u00fdch pacientov a\u00a0ich rodi\u010dov s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia vzbudzuje obavy. Preto sme si pripravili nieko\u013eko inform\u00e1cii t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa vz\u0165ahu infekcie COVID-19 a\u00a0chronick\u00fdch respira\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed. COVID\u201319 u\u00a0det\u00ed Infekcia COVID-19 je infek\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenie d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[78],"tags":[57],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.14 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>COVID -19 a chronick\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenia u det\u00ed. | National Institute of Children\u2019s Diseases<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nudch.eu\/en\/covid-19-a-chronicke-respiracne-ochorenia-u-deti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"COVID -19 a chronick\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenia u det\u00ed. | National Institute of Children\u2019s Diseases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aj ke\u010f sa infekcia COVID-19 \u00a0u\u00a0det\u00ed v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0dospel\u00fdmi pacientmi vyskytuje v\u00a0ove\u013ea men\u0161ej miere a\u00a0priebeh ochorenia je vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov \u013eahk\u00fd,\u00a0 napriek tomu u\u00a0na\u0161ich chronick\u00fdch pacientov a\u00a0ich rodi\u010dov s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia vzbudzuje obavy. Preto sme si pripravili nieko\u013eko inform\u00e1cii t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa vz\u0165ahu infekcie COVID-19 a\u00a0chronick\u00fdch respira\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed. COVID\u201319 u\u00a0det\u00ed Infekcia COVID-19 je infek\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenie d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/nudch.eu\/en\/covid-19-a-chronicke-respiracne-ochorenia-u-deti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"National Institute of Children\u2019s Diseases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/nudch.eu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-04-14T11:13:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-11-12T09:38:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/nudch.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/fb-link-post-1200x630-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Smikalova\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Smikalova\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"COVID -19 a chronick\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenia u det\u00ed. | National Institute of Children\u2019s Diseases","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/nudch.eu\/en\/covid-19-a-chronicke-respiracne-ochorenia-u-deti","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"COVID -19 a chronick\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenia u det\u00ed. | National Institute of Children\u2019s Diseases","og_description":"Aj ke\u010f sa infekcia COVID-19 \u00a0u\u00a0det\u00ed v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0dospel\u00fdmi pacientmi vyskytuje v\u00a0ove\u013ea men\u0161ej miere a\u00a0priebeh ochorenia je vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov \u013eahk\u00fd,\u00a0 napriek tomu u\u00a0na\u0161ich chronick\u00fdch pacientov a\u00a0ich rodi\u010dov s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia vzbudzuje obavy. 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